Acute Heart Failure ( Chf ) - 1865 Words

One of the main causes of mortality and morbidity is congestive heart failure (CHF). The major causes of CHF are coronary artery disease and hypertension. Other risk factors are occurrence of left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH), valvular heart disease, diabetes, smoking, obesity and dyslipidemia [46, 47]. Diabetes mellitus as an anticipated factor of CHF was explained in some studies [44, 47]. Diabetes is considered as a risk factor for CHF but yet, its relationship with CHF has not been completely understood [47, 48]. Alterations of left ventricular function and structure that are associated with diabetes mellitus or diminished glucose regulation have been described in recent studies [42, 49]. It has been reported that insulin resistance†¦show more content†¦A decrease in the radial (RS) and circumferential strain (CS) is remarkable in patients with diabetes mellitus [51]. Diastolic dysfunction as an early manifestation of diabetic heart has been reported in patients with di abetes mellitus with normal left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) [52]. Longitudinal appearance is the primary manifestation in diabetics with left ventricular systolic dysfunction [53]. Patients with diabetes type 2 show reduced in systolic and diastolic velocity during exercise [54]. Left ventricular hypertrophy and dysfunction are the most common cardiac malformations in asymptomatic diabetics, especially in diabetic women [55]. A study reported remarkably higher heart rate in diabetic patients than patients without diabetes [56]. Myocardial catecholamine supplies are reduced in diabetic patients that lead to systolic and diastolic dysfunction [57]. 3. Coronary Artery Disease, Atherosclerosis, Atherogenic Dyslipidemia and Atherogenesis One of the main complications of diabetes mellitus is coronary artery disease [58]. There are irregularities in supply of a coronary artery stream without any epicardial coronary artery diseases [59-61]. Patients with diabetes mellitus are more prone to get coronary artery diseases, especially the multi-vessel form [2,